Ipremier Case Essay

When an event like this occurs in an organization, the first question asked post mortum is how can we prevent his from happening again. From iPremier’s perspective there are a few steps that can be taken. First, an overall evaluation of their security infrastructure and the individuals that support the structure. iPremier used a third party vendor to handle IT systems and support. This may be an area of weakness and the service that is provided by Qdata should be looked at closely. Although it may be cost effective to use a thirdy party vendor for this service, it is important to constantly evaluate their service and infrastructure compliance. Second, although Qdata manages iPremier’s IT systems it is important for iPremiere to have standard operating procudures and compliance standards. Preparing such documentation after an outage is the perfect time because a lot of what went wrong is still in their head and helps provide some ground level requirements. Once iPremier establishes their processes and procedures they should periodically â€Å"test† the process in a live drill. At my company we run several maintenance processes every month as well as disaster recovery testing once a year with some in between quarterly testing. It’s important to put the process, procedure and plan together, but equally important to test it in order to identify gaps. This process also needs to be written and locatable in the event it is needed for reference. Establishing a location for the process both in paper form an electronically is key. Lastly, communication from leadership to staff and to the clients that iPremier supports must be immediate. It is extremely important that staff be communicated to in a timely matter when information may have been compromised. There is also legal obligation on iPremiers part to notify clients that there information may have been compromised. iPremier maybe on some level required to compensate or identify ways for clients to mitigate the risk of their information being compromised. Overall, at the time of a service interruption post mortum evaluation will always find ways in which the interruption could have been prevented. Unfortunatley, organizations learn from disaster and it is the primary way in which we learn our weaknesses. Going forward if iPremier establishes the needed processes and procedures and takes the time to test their plan, they will prevent this specific issue from happening again, but are always other issues that will come up. Then it is time to re-evaluate your plan, processes, and procedures.

Homosexuality from a Sociological Perspective Essay

I understand that we do not see eye to eye on most of the issues I brought up in my previous letter. I also understand how you wish for me to convey that I understand what we have discussed in class over the past couple months from a sociological perspective. I would like to go ahead and explain that now and then perhaps further explain where I was coming from originally. There are two basic ways to view the reality of homosexuality: through the essentialist model and through the social constructionist model. The essentialist argues that homosexuality is a â€Å"natural, universal category that exists independent of culture, time, or situation†. (David Greenberg) They regard the fundamental reality of homosexuality as residing in sexual orientation. Sexual behavior is secondary in nature. Concisely their goal in life is to find out what causes someone to prefer same-sex partners. Social constructionists however believe that homosexuality is not a concrete reality, but instead â€Å"a phenomenon that exists because of the way it is defined socially, culturally, and situationally†. (David Greenberg) They are interested in the recognition of separate categories of humanity based on sexual orientation, as well as treatment based on that fact. They think that being a homosexual is experienced differently between different people, according to the social context within which it takes place, and that what it means to be a homosexual can vary across the board. From what you’ve taught us this semester so far I’ve come to the understanding that there is no single infallible measure of homosexuality. I mean what actually defines a homosexual. Just the thought or desire to be with someone of the same sex, or is it perhaps a kiss with Madonna on MTV. Does one actually have to commit a sexual act behind closed doors with someone of the same sex to be labeled a homosexual? These are some of the questions we have discussed in class, which have led me to the conclusion that homosexual sex is multidimensional. Throughout my readings in the Reader, I have learned that male and female  homosexual expression are very different in nature. They have dramatically different homosexual styles. For example, males tend to act on homosexual desires more so than women do, while women tend to have their feelings and desires about homosexual behavior brew longer before they act upon them. I’ve learned that many homosexuals claim that they have no more choice in becoming gay than heterosexuals did in being straight. I’ve learned that a gene or set of genes could predispose men to becoming homosexual from the on start of their life. Which of course begs the question of whether or not this gene can be â€Å"fixed† before a child is born, to allow the child to leave a â€Å"normal† life. I brought up the gene issue to my good friend Ryll and asked about her brother, who is a homosexual, and asked her if it were possible did she think her brother would choose to have his gene altered in order to make him â€Å"straight†? She answered no, because that was the life he was used to, and to change it now would be more detrimental to him then just staying the way he was. Bottom line is homosexuality is a form of deviant behavior simply because most members of our society do not approve of it, and because this disapproval takes the form of condemnation and punishment of homosexuals and strained, difficult relations betweens straights and gays. I would like to clear up one issue if you have time†¦ the difference between deviance and sin as I see it. Not all deviant behavior falls under the category of sin. However, all sin is deviant in my opinion. I do not believe sin to be socially constructed as deviance is. I believe people interchange the words more often than they should. I still hold true to my personal semi-absolutist perspective of sin. I believe that there is a sense of wrong that is not tied in to culture or society; I believe that this sense of wrong is because there is indeed an absolute when it comes to right and wrong. I further believe that we, as a human race, never achieve at keeping any standard of right and wrong, much less the absolute standard that I’ve referred to. Sin is anything that we do that does not please God. This is not due to an arbitrary set of rules that we follow, instead it is indicative of the character of God. I know I have done many things wrong; I have sinned. How do I know this? I feel a conviction in my heart when I do something that I know is wrong. It pains me when I sin. However, even if I have become calloused to the wrong that I do, it does not mean that the things I do are no longer wrong. So the most important indication of sin is judging against the character of God. Where can the character of God be found? In the Bible of course. 😉 I’ll stop there because I doubt you want to be preached to in this letter. I simply wanted to attempt to show you how I see sin as not being socially constructed at all, but at the same time showing that I understand how deviance is socially constructed. I do hope this short explanation of what I have learned thus far in your class will be sufficient for this assignment. I will continue, of course, with new material when the next â€Å"letter† is due.

Challenging Reality Essay

Challenging Reality Essay M.C. Escher: Challenging RealityM.C. Escher was a master of perspective. He challenged reality, and his critics minds. His artwork was considered to be highly mathematical, even though Escher never had any formal training in the math or sciences. Yet artists around the still world regard his work as great. Escher was able to manipulate geometry to create illusions that were often used to tell a story. In Day and Night and Ascending and Descending, Escher illustrated daily events and their meaning by using his artistic and mathematical techniques.In Day and Night, one of Eschers most acclaimed pieces, the idea of transformation from basic geometric shapes was used to depict a linking together of two separate events. In the center of the woodcut he began his design with a simple square which transformed into the farmland and geese. From these geese a city, in both the day and the night, emerged. The city in the day was a mirror image of the city at night that suggested the two events w ere inseparable. Day and Night was particularly special because Escher eliminated all negative space. Every inch of the paper was used to illustrate an event, which aided in the idea of day and night being one. Ascending and Descending is another well-known piece by Escher. This architectural drawing illustrated Eschers ability to create realistic designs, or did it? If the viewer took a closer look, he would see that Escher was once again playing with perspective to tell a story symbolically. To every person (monk) walking on the castles roof, there seemed to be an endless amount of stairs. Yet, these stairs were completely useless. These fictitious monks were either perpetually ascending or descending hence the title. This lithograph appeared to show the mundane and useless life that was lead by a monk in this time period. Once again Escher was able to symbolically show the life of a monk through his mathematical techniques. In contrast to both Day and Night and Ascending and Desc ending was a piece titled Grasshopper. This woodcut did not contain a symbolic message or tell a story of the grasshoppers life, but rather was a still life. Here Eschers realistic artistic ability shone. The detail that was carved into the woodcut was intense and very finely created, which proved, if not otherwise seen, that Escher could create extremely detailed and beautiful pieces of art that were completely realistic in form. Eschers use of intricate repeating patterns and mathematically complex structures created wonderful illusions for his viewers. However, he was able to depict realistic events with the same amount of mastery. MC Escher was, and will continue to be through his art, one of the great artists.

Entrepreneurship Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Entrepreneurship - Assignment Example The literature reviewed includes the common myths regarding entrepreneurship, common characteristics associated with entrepreneurs, how entrepreneurial behaviour affects business, and Anita Roddick's (of The Body Shop) view on entrepreneurial qualities. Next, a guideline for the research process for candidate selection is presented. The findings from published literature and questionnaire are then used to analyse the entrepreneur's business and background. There is much literature and beliefs about what makes a successful entrepreneur. In order to deconstruct this process, this essay will examine the common myths regarding entrepreneurship and the common characteristics associated with entrepreneurs. In addition, a study done in Central London examining how entrepreneurial behaviour affects business cements the earlier two literature reviews. Lastly, the essay will look into the beliefs of an established entrepreneur, Anita Roddick of The Body Shop and understand what she thinks are important entrepreneurial qualities. (1) It is about starting and running a small... (3) It is an "either/or" thing: Entrepreneurship is not a fixed concept and the key is to recognize that it is a variable phenomenon. (4) It is about taking wild risks: Risks are assumed and taken, but they are calculated risks where the underlying risk factors are identified. (5) Entrepreneurs are born: Environment plays a big part in the development and realization of potential where the accumulation of activities, skills, and knowledge over time is crucial. (6) It is about greed: The real motivator behind entrepreneurial behaviour is not money, power or position but the desire to achieve and make a difference. (7) It is about individuals: The existence and quality of a team is critical as no one individual has the ability, time or talent to bring a concept to reality. (8) There is only one type of entrepreneur: Entrepreneurs come from all walks of life and represent a diverse mix of age groups, races, religions, cultures, genders, and occupational backgrounds. (9) It requires a lo t of money: Entrepreneurial individuals are opportunity, not resource driven and do not limit the scope of their vision by their resources owned but by leveraging their resources. (10) It is about luck: It is about hard work, creative insight, in-depth analysis, adaptability, and openness to an opportunity. (11) It starts with a new product or service: It is about determining whether a need exists, how extensive that need is, how satisfied customers are with their current products, what the switching costs will be, and whether there is meaningful advantages in the product or service. (12) It is unstructured and chaotic: When dealing with the unknown, it is important

History Paper on the Portrayal of Women in Advertising Research

History on the Portrayal of Women in Advertising - Research Paper Example In this context, it can be stated that portrayal of women in advertising is nothing new. The gender-based advertisement has shown a growing trend and has become more diverse over the years. It is a known fact that repetitive themes shown in advertisement influence the perception of people and society to a great extent. The mode of advertisement using media and print media such as magazines has shown profound transition over centuries. Notwithstanding, it is often argued that the role of women in advertising are much narrower than that of men. In this regard, many scholars have claimed that advertising characters of women are portrayed as subordinates to men and in a passive role. Sexual portrayal and sexuality has been used in advertisement since long. The gender stereotype was clearly visible earlier centuries and the role of women in advertising profoundly affected the perception of society towards women (Jacobson and Mazur 75-82). Historically, women in advertising had been represented as a sex object and had been subject to widespread exploitation. Besides, gender biases and racial biases were clearly apparently in the historical context with respect to women advertising. The image of women during the earlier centuries particularly in 19the century extremely suffered in the society due to objectification as well as sexism. It is evident that women are used in advertisement and their image is sometimes manipulated and distorted in order to promote women as a stereotype sex object. This is again due to the fact that women were given no power in the earlier days. The theme of using women as a sexual object initiated in the year 1850 when women were used and exposed to sell the product. For instance, the portrayal of nude women for the sale of tobacco in the 1850’s was normal due to the perception and mindset of people. Gender role was high in the initial years when advertisement through television or mag azines initiated. The

The challenger space shuttle 1986 Research Paper

The challenger space shuttle 1986 - Research Paper Example ing a joint on the right firm rocket booster, which permitted pressurized hot gases plus finally blaze to â€Å"blow by† the O-ring making contact with the neighboring tank, and eventually leading to structural failure. Thus the failure of the 2 rubber O-rings was found to be from a faulty design, whose functioning could be very easily have been compromised by factors comprising of the very low temperatures on the sunrise of the fateful day of the launch. There were specific individuals at NASA as well as amongst contractors who were worried about the reliability of the fasteners on the firm rocket boosters in such cold weather (Henry, 2004). The report broadly pointed out the contributing causes such as the failure of both Morton Thiokol as well as NASA to adequately respond to the risk posed by the poor joint design. Instead of redesigning the joint, both parties defined the issue as a tolerable flight

Assessments for Marketing Management Term Paper

Assessments for Marketing Management - Term Paper Example In order to effect substantial growth, businesses have aimed to market their businesses beyond their geographical borders. This has made way to international marketing enabling businesses to compete at a global scale. As part of s marketing strategy, it is vital for a business to ascertain its status and relevance within a market in order to pave any way forward. The timing and the level of consumer demand help a business in establishing the right marketing avenue. The one in charge of the marketing strategy is usually the marketing managers in many organizations. In addition, a business should have detailed objectives and a better understanding of their businesses in order to initiate appropriate and cost friendly marketing engagement strategies. In this context, the marketing principle collides with strategic planning for effective implementation of the goals intended plan (Hill & Jones, 2012). For a long time, this form of management depended on three crucial aspects that are the customer, the competitor, and the company analysis aspects. These constitute the three C’s of marketing. However, this paper will dwell on various aspects that contribute towards effective marketing and access of a market audience. Question 1: Different needs that most consumers have Majorly, there are categories of consumer needs. These needs are stated, real, unstated, delight and secret needs. Ideally, a customer buys a product mainly for its ability to offer a solution to the need presented. In a break down, stated needs are those that a customer has articulated and seen the importance of having as a matter of priority. Here the cost of the solutions not the customer’s priority but the priority is the having any product satisfy the need. In addition, the taste or the choices of the product do not matter, as it is a matter of immediate problem solving and not spoiled choice. The second type of need is the real needs category that involves the consumer’s speci fic action in to what they are looking for. For instance, a consumer may mention what they do need but when it comes to the actual search or picking of the solution to their problem, they may pick on something different. In this regard, the price of the product that they intend to buy may hinder them from going for the most expensive hence meeting the real need with a relatively affordable product. Thirdly, there are the unstated needs that a customer may have but they do not say them out loud (Krishnamacharyulu & Ramakrishnan, 2011). This is to mean that these are needs, which a customer may not express, but still expected by the consumer. Essentially, these could be in terms the consumer expected prices of the commodity and assistance in ascertaining which product will have a pocket friendly price. In this regard, this need draws facilitation from the retailer selling the products. The fourth need that a consumer may have is the delight need that entails the surprise additional be nefits of acquiring the product during its sale. In essence, it is more appealing to a consumer when the product that they intended to buy has a buy one-get one free tag line. Ideally, any consumer would tend to go for a product that will give more for less irrespective of their quality attributes. Therefore, a consumer may go out to buy products to solve their needs but then change their minds when they get to the retail store because of the extra incentive factor. Lastly, the fifth type of need is the secret needs that are concealed inside a consumer’s head. Essentially, these are the needs, which application of a product solution will help the consumer be like a symbol within the products image. For instance, the hidden need when one uses a facial cream would be the need to become as the beauty queens used

Should Women Who Commit Murder Be Treated More Leniently Research Paper

Should Women Who Commit Murder Be Treated More Leniently - Research Paper Example The treatment and sentencing of women who commit murders have been discussed thoroughly by different theorists and sociologists.   The work of Nagel and Weitzman in 1971 has since established that women seem to receive preferential treatment in their sentencing (Rodriguez, Curry, & Lee, 2006).   The chivalry and focal concerns theories are two of the main theories which have sought to explain this pattern of social behavior.   The chivalry theory was first seen in the 1970s and is mainly based on the cultural stereotypes related to gender.   In this case, this theory sets forth that women are fickle and childlike and therefore are not responsible for their criminal activities (Rodriguez, Curry, & Lee, 2006).   Women should, therefore, be protected by the men who should do everything in their power to reduce the pain and suffering that these women experience.   In effect, this theory â€Å"suggests that society desires to treat women more leniently than men† (Heberl e, 1999, p. 1107).   This hesitation based on this theory refers to its reasons for women’s status as mothers and vulnerable figures sexually. The focal concerns theory is yet another theory which sought to explain the seemingly preferential treatment of female criminals.   This theory sets forth that due to the limited time that judges have on their cases, they often do not receive sufficient information on defendants and their cases.   Consequently, in the course of their adjudication, their personal opinions and preferences can often significantly impact on the way they render sentences on defendants (Rodriguez, Curry, & Lee, 2007).   In the end, these judges sometimes end up crediting attributes about a defendant’s liability and recidivism based on blameworthiness, dangerousness and practical constraints (Rodriguez, Curry, & Lee, 2007).   In the process, they also end up crediting certain gender-based qualities to the offenders.   They would likely view women to be less of a risk to the community and less likely to be a recidivist; and they would likely view male offenders to be at fault and therefore, more responsible for their crimes (Rodriguez, Curry, & Lee, 2007).   This theory also sets forth that men are more capable of doing their time in prison as compared to females.  

Business and Management about WTO Dissertation

Business and Management about WTO - Dissertation Example Concentration Index 56 5. 3.4. Diversification index 57 5.3.5. Trade Composition 59 5.3.6. Trade Balance per Product 64 5.3.7. Trade Performance and Multinational Presence in Vietnam 66 5.3.8. Factor endowment and Composition of trade 70 Conclusions 79 References 80 Appendix I 83 1. Introduction It is essential to find out the probable outcomes of the liberalization of trade on macroeconomic variables for various policy reasons. The most significant of which is that the liberalization may influence the direction, the scope as well as the magnitude that may be used to smooth out external shocks and thereby, stabilize the business cycles through the monetary and fiscal policies. Liberalization has the potential of making the countries more prone towards the international price shocks and thus, it may also give rise to the risk exposure. Liberalization may further affect the terms of trade of a country as well as its prices and competitiveness, which may all result into broader implicat ions for poverty and employment. This study will investigate some of the potential macroeconomic impacts on the domestic market of a country resulting from its accession to the WTO, in particular the case of Vietnam’s accession to the WTO will be discussed that will enable us to determine that how it may assist our organization to enter new markets. This study will concentrate on the period from 1995 when Vietnam commenced to undertake its negotiations for joining the WTO, up to the date of 31 December 2007 that is one year after its accession to the WTO. Since the mid of 1980s, Vietnam has boarded on to the economic reforms and its accession to the WTO has been caused by its drive for bringing economic reforms to its economy and for its better integration in to the trading system of the world. The membership of WTO-World Trade Organization and the participation in RTAs (regional trade agreements) pose significant challenges for the domestic firms along with bringing several benefits and opportunities to them. Numerous social concerns related to the trade policy reform and liberalization arises with the implementation of the WTO commitments. The domestic businesses might face several challenges while endeavoring to adjust to the pressure of the rising competition in the market that arises from the commitments undertaken by the government of the state in the process of WTO accession. Having done in various countries, the implementation of WTO obligations has a significant impact over the economy and the society of the host country. Thus, we will study the accession of Vietnam’s accession of WTO in order to assess the impact of WTO on firms and thereby, determine how it may help our organization in entering new markets. For this purpose, we will investigate the role of WTO in the sustainable and equitable economic development of a country. The report will discuss the impact of trade and institutional reforms through the WTO accession by studying an d learning from the case-study of Vietnam. We will learn, in this report, to capitalize over advantages and minimize the potential negative impacts that emerge from the implementation process by working out the measures as well as through action oriented recommendations. In specific, the study aims to investigate the following subjects: 1. the impact of WTO over the macroeconomic policies, the public sector as well as the public revenue, in particular; 2. the impact of WT

Difference Between Audit & Investigation Essay Example for Free

Difference Between Audit Investigation Essay Investigation is the act of detail examination of activities so as to achieve certain objectives. Specially, investigation is made in suspected places. It finds out the nature and reasons of suspected areas but auditing is the act of examining books of accounts so as to prove true and fairness of operating results and financial position of a business. Following differences can be seen between auditing and investigation: 1. Purpose An audit is carried out for the purpose of ascertaining whether or not the balance sheet and profit and loss account show true and fair view of the state of companys affairs and its profit or loss. But an investigation aims at establishing a fact or is carried out for some particular purpose i.e. to know the financial position of the concern or the earning capacity of the concern etc. 2. On Behalf An audit is carried out on behalf of the proprietor of the business, while an investigation may be conducted on behalf proprietors when they suspect any fraud in their business or on behalf of outside parties who wish to lend money or intend to purchase business or at the instance of the government on the request of the shareholders. 3. Scope An audit includes only an examination of the accounts of a business whereas an investigation covers not only an examination of the accounts but also an inquiry into other relevant matters connected with the purpose for which it is undertaken. 4. Use Of Techniques An audit is usually a test checking but an investigation is a much more thorough examination of the books of accounts. It goes into the depth of the problem and keeps on looking for far more definite evidence to arrive at a conclusion that it can firmly substantiate. Further, investigation may be conducted even after the audit of the accounts. 5. Period An audit is related to only a year or six months while investigation may cover several years. 6. Statutory Obligation In the case of joint stock companies, audit is compulsory under law while there is no such statutory obligation with regard to investigation. 7. Examination Use Of Policies In audit, an auditor has to see whether the methods of valuation and other accounting policies have been consistently followed or not and he has to ensure that all disclosures have been properly made in the financial statements, while an investigation is not at all bound by accounting conventions, policies and disclosure requirements.

Whether An Entrepreneur Is Born Or Made Business Essay

Whether An Entrepreneur Is Born Or Made Business Essay Entrepreneur is an individual who, operate, takes risks of a business. Which means the process of running a business by their own. Due to economic crisis through out the world these days , most of the countries are encouraging people to be and entrepreneurial which leads to increase in the jobs for the people and increase the economy of the country. People become entrepreneurs by themself to start a business when they are controlled by many factors around them. Some people want to leave their jobs and start own business and few people want to earn money sitting at home. May be some people look for the needs for a market and to meet those needs they start their own business by supplying products for the market. If they successed in this process this makes them successful entrepreneur. This paper will discuss whether an entrepreneur is born or made by analyzing the factors such as entrepreneur characteritics, roles of an entrepreneur and can an entrepreneur be taught History Who is an entrepreneur Entrepreneur is an individual or group of individuals who identify the business opportunity then try to reach the business goal or create business value through providing an innovative solution for business difficulties and also realize and accept the risks involved in the business (Wickham, 2006). Entrepreneur came from small business, now a days small business have changed the market significantly and plays an important role in the economy the example is the country like North America which has more than 50% of small business (Shinnar et al, 2009). An entrepreneur is one who creates a job, changes the market trend and identifies the business opportunities, enterpreneur are so deducated which puts their ideas into work, entrepreneur adds on extra knowledge and skills to attract the investors, partners and creditors (Hofstand, 2006). Function of an entrepreneur Entrepreneur can be described as a small business owner from an economic propective which states that, these small business forms a structure. This structure plays an important role in the economic development which improves the living and working condition (Cf. Schumacher 1973; Birch 1981; Piore and Sabel 1984). And the characteristics function of an entrepreneur can be reflected in a creative response to the changing condition as a result the new ways of development comes in existence by the entrepreneur (Schumpeter, 1947) therefore , the function of an entrepreneur is to improve the economy by doing business in an innovative way. The main tasks of an entrepreneur is to recognize the business opportunity, start of their own business, gathering funds for the start of business, advertising the business in the market, analyzing the risk and providing leadership (Wickham, 2006). Defination of entrepreneur Bolton and Thompson (2000) have defined the entrepreneur as a person who creates and innovates a recognised value of something around the perceived opportunities. Some people still chase for an opportunities to create something after they have reached a position and live a life of luxury, they cannot stop themsleves because of there natural behaviour. The recognised value can be either Economic, Social or Aesthetic capital. Entrepreneurs can be found in large corporations such as private or public sectors Social entrepreneurs have an impact on communities or community welfare for example such as double bottom welfare businesses through a social attribute or grant -dependent community initiatives. where as Aesthetic entrepreneurs deals with developments in art, music and architecture. For example they might see themselves as first and best artists, designers or architects which makes them different from others and in this process they become wealthy. Bolton and Thompson (2003) have offered a framework to difine a entrepreneur depending upon six characters they are Focus, Advantage, Creativity, Ego-inner and outer, Team, Social Focus covers target focus, time focus and action focus which provides an evidence of urgency by an entrepreneur to get on with things. Creativity involves ideas and opportunities. Advantage differentiates betweeen the value created and added. Ego has six components split into inner and outer ego the inner ego includes motivation, self-assurance and dedication. The outer ego includes responsibility, accountability and an ability to deal with set backs. Team is a distinct feature that manipulate the characteristics of focus, advantage and creativity. Social influence the nature of the business whether it is a profit or non profit business and it also effects the culture and style of an organisation in which way the employees are treated. Characteristics of an entrepreneur Education Education is an important character of an entrepreneur. Education gives an individual a lot of support and knowledge to be an entrepreneur For example, the majority of engineers worked for state governments where they were valued for technical skills but now many engineers are starting up small companies which they can develop by their own skills (Shinnar et al, 2009). Previous work experience Any individual who starts up a new business, they have a previous work experience whether they worked as managers or any other managerial positions. Moreover, any individual who has an experience can start up a new business. In addition to this, who worked abroad will have a tendency to export if once they start the business at local level. The 75% of an individual who had an experience of working as any type of managerial positions would have a tendency to become an entrepreneur (Kinsella et al, 1993). Family background If any of the parents are self-employed i.e. who have their own businesses, this increases the tendency to keep a new venture creation. And if one or both parents are self-employed, they can expose the skills, attitudes, values to their children and this will direct them to become an entrepreneur. The future entrepreneurs can take their parents as a role model; this would be no matter whether they are successful or unsuccessful. a research done by OFarrell'(1986) showed that 46% percent of the new firm founders had fathers who were self-employed at a time when 26 percent of the population was self-employed.(OGorman Cunningham,1997) Those new firms does not include the inheritance Economics change: Economics change may trigger the wave or fashion that being entrepreneurial. After the economic reform issued in 1978 (planning market to free market), most of people in Africa started their own business lead to the huge change in areas of traditional industry business. (Kanungo, 1998) For example, papermaking industry. And the people in Asia are also encouraged to start there business. Tey are few european countries effected more due to a poor natural climate; therefore the government encourages people to start their own business. It also can be interpreted as a creative response to the change condition ( Schumpeter 1947). Culture difference Culture affect plays a very important character of being an entrepreneurial in which some culture entrepreneurship is a very norm behavior. For example, the Amish is a religious group which now residence in Ohio and Pennsylvania. The culture of the group decides that they do not work with the people that do not share the same tradition, rather to make a choice of working for companies; they prefer to be self-employed or work amongst themselves. (Kanungo, 1998) It can show that when culture value or the belief of life take an important role of decision making, which makes an individual to start his own business. Previous work experience Any individual who starts up a new business, they have a previous work experience whether they worked as managers or any other managerial positions. Moreover, any individual who has an experience can start up a new business. In addition to this, who worked abroad will have a tendency to export if once they start the business at local level. The 75% of an individual who had an experience of working as any type of managerial positions would have a tendency to become an entrepreneur (Kinsella et al, 1993). Birth in a family In a family, children who are first born in a family have more chances to take an entrepreneur carrier. The reason is that because they get more attention and encouragement from their parents. The survey done by Hisrich, involving over 400 female entrepreneurs found that 50% were first born. Gender differences Every human being thinks differently according to their mental and physical abilitys. The male and female conceiving and using their mind would be different in their behaviours and their attitudes and their personal background. In addition to this, the tendency to become an entrepreneur would be high in males when compare to females. Females have low aggressiveness to start up a business rather than males (Al-Harby et al, 2009). Roles of an individual to be an entrepreneur Innovativeness Innovation is one of the important character of an entrepreneur which includes creating of new products or new quality, creating new methods of production to get into the market or to create a new organisation or structure in business. A successful innovation demands a will which is, it demands the leader of the innovation (Hansemark, 1998). Innovativeness is a behavior of a person which characterizes the difference between entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial orientation (Entrialgo et al., 2000). Innovation is a systematic search for opportunities in new market,produts or ideas (Cromie, 2000; Utsch and Rauch, 2000). Need for achievement The theory of McClelland (1961) on the need for achievement is one of the most applied theories on entrepreneurship which suggest that, the need for achievement forces the person to struggle for the success (Sagie and Elizur, 1999). A person who as a strong need for achievement can solve problems themselves, set targets and achieve the targets by their own efforts and they also deliver high performance in achieveing the tasks and innovative in doing things (Littunen, 2000; Utsch and Rauch, 2000). Locus of control Locus of control is also an important character which is related to a individual as whether he or she can handle the events in life (Leone and Burns, 2000). An individual with external locus of control belive beyond the circumstances like luck and fate, where as individual with internal locus of control belives in personal control events and effects in lives (Koh, 1996; Riipinen, 1994; Hansemark, 1998). For an individual to become a entrepeneur he should have a internal locus of control. Risk taking tendency Risk taking tendency refers to an individual who can handle or avoid the risks in a situations when needed. An enterpreneur is associated with risk, Chantilon (1755) report suggest that the main factor of differentiating entrepreneurs from a employed workers was a dout and risk involved by the former (Entrialgo et al., 2000; Thomas and Mueller, 2000). The difference between the manager and the entrepreneur in a business activities are entrepreneur personally takes all the risks an profits involved in the business howevery an individual who is in uncertain environment causes risks related to financial well-being,career opportunities, family relations and emotional state (Erdem, 2001; Brockhaus, 1980; Littunen, 2000). Tolerance for ambiguity Uncertainty occurs when there is an insufficient data. An individual should respond positively to ambiguous situations. People with low level of tolerence for ambiguity find uncertain and unstructured situation more complicated. Entrepreneurail managers are belived to tolerate ambiguity better than the conservative mangers in the organisations because entrepreneurail managers face a less structured , more uncertain set of possibilities and bear the whole responsibilities for decision making (Entrialgo et al., 2000). Self confidence An individual should have a self confidence because they work on complete demanding tasks Cromie (2000) suggest that self confidence is an outcome of an entrepreneurship an entrepreneur demonstrates a higher degree of self confidence when compared to others (Koh, 1996; Robinson et al., 1991). Positive motions Many researches suggested that feelings and activeness of personality are motive forces for all human creations. The positive motions affect the variables called feelings and emotions which is a link between them and they are analysed in different environments. The positive motion indicates the positive feeling which promotes creativity. Creativity Creativity performs a link between positive motion and innovation and also performs a link between creativity and starting up a new venture. Creativity is considered as one of the most important factors for creation of new venture which is created by individuals and called as entrepreneurs. It includes the outcomes generated by creativity. Many business ideas are generated by creativity but the creation should be in such a way that they are commercially feasible to implement the ideas into real world (Baron et al, 2009). There are few factors influencing the creation of new ventures. The factors are as follows (Tidd et al, 2005). Understanding the opportunity Entrepreneur is one who explores for changes, responds to it and searches for an opportunity. The opportunity describes the area of need or challenge on which the problems should be focused. And problems should generate answers to bring the key information and feelings etc. (Bessant et al, 2007). Community culture The community culture itself tells about how entrepreneurship is influenced. The cultural differences show the base of different levels of entrepreneurship. The culture community gives the status to those who are entrepreneurial (Berger, 1992). Technology and markets A technical standard is ordered by a legislative body and measure the rule which is enforced by an authority or by a committee or by a market. Entrepreneur controls the standards for a specification like micro computer interfaces. The standards explain the private and public conditions. When a standard is coming out into public view, government control the standards like metre length etc. Market will change the trade as slowly improves the business with the standard technology used by entrepreneur. This focuses on the private gain rather the public gain (Berger, 1983). Can entrepreneurship be taught? Education of entrepreneurship has a positive correlation. (Mancuso Mascolo, 1987) therefore, nowadays more and more course are to design for entrepreneurship education, and to identify whether the content taught in school has a positive correspondence with the practice of an entrepreneur, Bush, Edelman and Manolova conducted the research which show that only nearly half of the start-up activities were discussed in the teaching content. It implies that there are still some areas have not taken into accounts for its lack of teaching experience or lack of the full research on the relation between entrepreneur and teaching context. Not only the skills of the activities such theories involved in start-up enterprise can be taught in the context (Bush Edelman Manolova, 2008) but also students needs to be trained in practical study. Especially to the student with engineering background, since most of them may not passion for a theoretical practice based course, it is important to enable them with the theory to the real practice, working with different people generate more new ideas and being creative. (Ulijn, Aaltio, Menzel,2007). Conculsion The above discussion tells about that there is no exact definition of the entrepreneur. And also identifies that there is no exact proof of entrepreneur is born or made. Entrepreneurs are made with specified characteristics like education influences to be an entrepreneur but also born with specified background or followed by hereditary business. But above literature suggests that entrepreneurs are made, they are not born. A success in entrepreneur achieves with combination of characteristics and roles . Few researchers identified that entrepreneurs are born and not made. The research findings may differ from one person to another but some researchers also specified that entrepreneurs are made and not born. Bolton, W.K. and Thompson, J.L. (2000), Entrepreneurs: Talent, Temperament, Technique, Butterworth Heinemann, Oxford. Bolton, W.K. and Thompson, J.L. (2003), The Entrepreneur in Focus: Achieve your potential, Thomson, London.

Chaucers Canterbury Tales - Comparing The Pardoners Tale and The Nuns

Irony in The Pardoners Tale and The Nun's Priest's Tale    Irony is the general name given to literary techniques that involve surprising, interesting,or amusing contradictions. 1   Two stories that serve as excellent demonstrations of irony are "The Pardoners Tale" and " The Nun's Priest's Tale," both from Chaucer's The Canterbury Tales. Although these two stories are very different, they both use irony to teach a lesson.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Of the stories, "The Pardoners Tale" displays the most irony. First and foremost, the entire telling of the story is ironic, considering just who is the teller.   The Pardoner uses this story to speak out against many social problems, all of which he himself is guilty of.   He preaches about drunkenness, while he is drunk, blasphemy, as he attempts to sell fake religious relics, and greed, when he himself is amazingly greedy. Yet there are also many ironic situations in the story itself.   The irony starts when, in the begining of the story, the three rioters make a pact to "be brothers" and "each defend the others" and "to live and die for one another" in protection from Death, (lines 37-43) and then in going out to fulfill their vow, they end up finding money, and killing each other over it. Even more ironic, is how they end up killing each other.   After finding the money, the men plan to stay with it until it becomes dark and they can safely take it away.   To tide themselves over until then, they send the youngest one out to get food and wine, and while he is away they plan to kill for his share of the money.   Ironically, the youngest one is planning the same thing so he slips poison into the drinks... ...tion.   By teaching this in two very different stories Chaucer makes it very clear that irony is an extremely effective method of teaching a lesson.    Works Cited and Consulted Arrathoon, Leigh A. "The Pardoner's Tale," Chaucer and the Craft of Fiction. Ed. Leigh A. Arrathoon, Rochester, Michigan: Solaris Press, Inc. 1986. 241-318 Beidler, Peter G. "The Nun's Priest's Tale" Chaucer Review Vol: 34, Issue: 4. April 01, 2000. 388-397 Chaucer, Geoffrey. The Canterbury Tales: Riverside Chaucer Third Edition. Ed. Larry D. Benson. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company,1987. 3-328 Secondary Taavitsainen, Irma. "Personality and styles of Affect in the Canterbury Tales" Chaucer in Perspective. Ed. Geoffrey Lester.Midsomer North, Bath: Sheffield Academic Press Ltd. 1999. 218-232 White, Annie "Irony in Chaucer's Tales,'" 20 Jan. 2001.   

The Legalization of Marijuana for Medical Use :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

The Legalization of Marijuana for Medical Use Picture in your mind a young girl that is almost done with her freshman year of high school. These next few years are supposed to be some of the best years of this girl’s life. But instead of this young girl worrying about what clothes she is going to wear, or how she is going to style her hair, she has to worry about side effects of chemotherapy. Melinda has been diagnosed with Hodskins Lymphoma, a cancer of the lymph nodes, at age fifteen. When all the other fifteen-year-old girls are busy chasing boys and dealing will all the drama that comes with high school Melinda is in the hospital getting blood transfusions because the chemo has depleted her of necessary cells. The chemo that Melinda has transfused into her has many side effects that come with it. The chemo basically kills a person in order to kill the cancer cells. These side effects include nausea, intense pain and a loss of appetite. There is only one drug that exists today that has the potential to cure all of the above side effects, and that is marijuana. This drug is currently illegal, and doctors cannot prescribe it to patients. This issue affects college students because we are the ones that are going to play a role in this debate in the future. Many of us are going to become doctors, FBI agents, or United States Senators. That is why college students need to be informed about this complex issue. We are the ones that are going to be making decisions about this issue later on in our lives. The debate on legalizing marijuana for medical use is not just a simple pro/con debate. It is a very complex issue that has many different approaches to it, and in each of the approaches there are differences of opinion. Three main sides to this debate are the medical approach, government and enforcement approach, and the lawmaker approach. The medical approach consists of doctors that treat cancer patients, and cultural beliefs that since marijuana is illegal it should not be used at all. Some doctors and people of the public believe that marijuana should be used to treat side effects of chemotherapy, and other doctors and people of the public believe that it should not be used as a medicine.

Hunger and Poverty Essay -- essays research papers

Hunger and Poverty Hunger and Poverty During the course of this particular essay, I will prove to you many points. Maybe not to the extreme that it will change one’s thought processes on the subject of hunger and world poverty, but enough to form a distinction between moral obligation and moral capacity. What I will not mention is the fact that Peter Singer’s outdated material (1971), though thorough in the sense of supporting his view on hunger and world poverty as well as examining this school of thought, is unconvincing to say the least. As our recent past has shown us, using Somalia and Rwanda as models, no amount of money or time on earth can come between a civil war. Terrible things happen, innocent people are slain in the names of either freedom or captivity, and land is destroyed, burned by the flames of either righteousness or wrath. But placing the burden of attempting to heal these wounds on the â€Å"well off† is not only immoral in itself, it is crazy. To consider an a ct a moral obligation, it must have an end that fits within the realm of reason. If someone is obligated to do something, then the purpose of that action holds meaning, therefore making the act a meaningful act. A characteristic of a meaningful act is a justifiably important end, that is, an end that which holds a higher purpose than the action against the obligated act. One can argue, using history as an example, that ending world poverty and hunger is not a reasonable goal. Singer uses the term â€Å"mora... Hunger and Poverty Essay -- essays research papers Hunger and Poverty Hunger and Poverty During the course of this particular essay, I will prove to you many points. Maybe not to the extreme that it will change one’s thought processes on the subject of hunger and world poverty, but enough to form a distinction between moral obligation and moral capacity. What I will not mention is the fact that Peter Singer’s outdated material (1971), though thorough in the sense of supporting his view on hunger and world poverty as well as examining this school of thought, is unconvincing to say the least. As our recent past has shown us, using Somalia and Rwanda as models, no amount of money or time on earth can come between a civil war. Terrible things happen, innocent people are slain in the names of either freedom or captivity, and land is destroyed, burned by the flames of either righteousness or wrath. But placing the burden of attempting to heal these wounds on the â€Å"well off† is not only immoral in itself, it is crazy. To consider an a ct a moral obligation, it must have an end that fits within the realm of reason. If someone is obligated to do something, then the purpose of that action holds meaning, therefore making the act a meaningful act. A characteristic of a meaningful act is a justifiably important end, that is, an end that which holds a higher purpose than the action against the obligated act. One can argue, using history as an example, that ending world poverty and hunger is not a reasonable goal. Singer uses the term â€Å"mora...

Explain the theory of Virtue Ethics Essay

Aristotle originally introduced virtue Ethics to society in ancient Greek times. Virtue Ethics tells us that we should look at the character of the person instead of the actions or duties a person performs. Instead of concentrating on what is the right thing to do, virtue ethics asks how you can be a better person. Aristotle claims that leading a virtuous life is easy, and those who do, do so to be happy. Happiness is the ultimate goal for everyone in life. To become a better person, you must practice virtuous acts regularly. After a while, these acts will become routine and so the virtuous acts will be nothing more than everyday life and the person a virtuous person. Aristotle said that although virtues should become a habit we must never forget that we behave in such a way because it is right. For example, if a singer practices singing everyday, they will become better at it and used to doing it. This is the same as people who practice their virtues and soon automatically act in the right way, by practicing our skills we improve them, becoming happier. Virtues should not be an effort, but simply a part of everyone’s personality. Aristotle says that virtue is something that we acquire and are not just born with, people are not inherently good or bad, but become good or bad according to the habits they develop. Aristotle said that a virtue was a ‘Golden Mean’ in between to vices. These ‘Vices’ are two extremes of a scale at opposite ends, one of excess and one of deficiency. For example the vices would be shamelessness and shyness, and the virtue modesty. Another example of this would be rudeness and a sense of humour as the two vices and the virtue as wittiness. Such virtues must be cultivated, we must learn when to use certain virtues and to what extent, for example we must not ever use humour in excess to act like a fool, but at the same time we must also not pass into rudeness. Two philosophers, Anscombe and MacIntyre say that there has been a mistake in how virtues have been portrayed. The majority of people look at the actions a person does to judge whether they are virtuous or not. The way in which we behave provides an opportunity for others to judge our virtues and vices. This however is not right. People should look at the character within and look at what the person believes is right and how they think they should help people instead of what they do to help. A famous example of a virtuous person is Mother Theresa. She helped millions of suffering people across the world and for this became well known as a virtuous person. There are hundreds of other virtuous people who would have liked to have helped but were unable to do so in such a huge way who are not considered as virtuous, but these people are just as virtuous but not recognised for it. Aristotle tells us that we are most likely to learn virtuous behaviour from watching others. If we experience others being kind to us and see the happiness it creates we are more likely to practice it then if we were just told to do it. For example, if we were told to be courageous we may occasionally stand up for small things that we disagree with, but if we see someone telling others off for not doing the right thing then we are more likely to not allow bad behaviour towards ourselves. Aristotle said that the best way of becoming virtuous was to follow in the footsteps of a virtuous person, e.g. Mother Theresa and do what they do. Virtue Ethics is relative; Aristotle recognised that virtues in one country may not be the same as virtues in another. He believed that there was no absolute platonic good beyond our world. As virtues have evolved through habits of society it is probable that different societies would deem different actions good or bad. However there is no difference between the virtues of a community and individuals within that community, the supreme happiness that Aristotle talks about is one for the community, and not just and individual. MacIntyre suggests that philosophy is too far removed from ordinary life and said that it is not good enough that philosophers spend their time debating the nature of ethical language or forming reasoned theories of morality in a way that is far removed from real people and real life. All actions are done in order to reach an aim. A successive series of actions are also for an aim, for example getting up in to morning to go to work, is to make money, is to feed our families is to go on nice holidays is to but them nice things etc. all ultimate aims is to make people happy, everything is subordinate to the supreme good, which is happiness. Everyone has different ideas of what happiness is and different things all make different people happy, and Aristotle called this feeling of all round well being eudemonia. Therefore, Virtue Ethics concentrates on what a person is then what a person does. Its aim is to achieve something, which people genuinely want rather then being based on arguably incoherent ideas about the after-life. It is a system, which can be easily applied and understood by all. It fits into a variety of philosophies, and religions, which both do and don’t include God. However, there are a few problems with Virtue Ethics. Ones of these which has been pointed out by MacIntyre is that although a virtue is the ‘golden mean’ between two vices it cannot be applied to all virtues. Virtues such as promise keeping, loyalty, and compassion do not fall between any two vices and so Aristotle’s theory of this does not really work. Another problem with this theory is that it is of little help to people faced with a moral dilemma. It does not help them make a decision like other theories such a natural law or utilitarianism.

My Personal Accomplishment version 2

There are two experiences, which are very important to me. The first is being part of the Leland High School Speech and debate Team. The second is doing volunteer work at the World Children’s Fund (WCF). These experiences make me proud because they help me develop myself and give back to society at the same time. Through these experiences, I am able to enrich others as I enriched myself. Debate has always been my favorite subject. Engaging in a debate incorporates two distinctive life-learning skills. They are public speaking and problem solving. Most people are afraid of speaking in front of many people. However, I do not seem to be like â€Å"most people†. I do not fear public speaking. Instead, I enjoy it. I relish the feeling of standing in front of many people and being free to express myself. I savor the exhilaration of knowing that people listen to what I say. This makes me feel important and fulfilled. However, it is not only the feeling that matters. The skills, values and knowledge I acquire are also important. Through debating, I am able to develop my critical thinking and my creativity. I learn to examine arguments carefully and quickly to be able to retort wisely and on time. Debating also helps me improve my focus. A problem to be debated has certain limits. Relevant issues and controversies should not be ignored. Similarly, irrelevant issues and controversies should not be introduced. Lastly, debate exposes me to a wide range of topics- from international issues to national issues. Many facts I learned through debating, such as the Jenna 6 incident, has helped me a great deal during my high school years. I also learned a lot from seminars and trainings such as the Parliamentary Debate Camp held by the Stanford University National Forensic Institute. Another reason debate is important to me is that it helps me develop a sense of fulfillment. It helps me believe that I am capable of doing something. In the Parliamentary Debate Camp, I became a quarter-finalist in the Parliamentary Debate Varsity Division. I was also awarded the Super Distinction of National Forensic League this fall. I am able to prove my leadership skills by being the Chairman of the Parliamentary Debate Team. As the leader, I am responsible for around thirty freshman students and some older members. It is my responsibility to give lectures about debating and help others develop the capability to compete in upcoming tournaments. I run two classes a week and had completed over 100 PowerPoint lectures, by the end of the second semester last year. I also hold mock debates and private tutorial sessions to help other students to catch up. As the Chair, it is also my responsibility to communicate with other schools that are interested with debating, and give advice and information to administrators, students, and parents. For example, just last year, I assisted Bret Harte Middle School in creating a debate team. I confer with parents and students at the Bret Harte Middle School Cafeteria and give them tips on how to create a successful debate team. Knowing that people trust me with these responsibilities and that I am able to perform these responsibilities gives me a sense of accomplishment and allows me to believe in my own abilities as a debater, a thinker, a team member, a teacher and a leader. Another experience that I value the most is doing volunteer work for the WCF. It is a non-profit organization engaged in giving humanitarian aid to help and rescue children in need in developing countries, including those who are abandoned, distressed, endangered, exploited, homeless, hungry, sick or suffering. I coordinate production of humanitarian packages for distribution. We place stuffed animals, drinking water, MREs, antibiotics, band-aids, medical equipments, and other essential items into boxes and ship them to countries such as the Philippians, Africa, Vietnam and other developing nations. I consider helping in the WCF as one of my community obligations. It is an â€Å"obligation† because I believe that it is my duty as a member of society to always give back. Even though I cannot carry out more demanding roles like going directly to other countries, my contribution is also important. I feel that I am actually changing the world little by little. Through these experiences, I am able to give kindness and aid to others the same way that I received kindness and aid when I needed them most. Like these children, there was a time in my life when I was in need of help and attention too. This happened when I first came to the United States in 1996. I was then a foreigner who does not know how to speak English and communicate with the people around me. This made my assimilation into the American culture difficult. However, a few individuals took initiative to help me fit in. These individuals inspired me and my assimilation happened faster. Looking back, I still remember a 7-year-old child on his first day of school as a foreign exchange student sitting on a bench alone. He is bewildered with the English language and is too afraid to try to speak. He cried all night that night in bed. The next day, he expected to be alone again, but someone reached over and stuck a cookie in his mouth- a chocolate chip cookie. This led to a conversation and, by the time lunch break ended, the two children were already best friends. This initiated his acceptance into the society that he did not yet fully understand. It is a wonder how this foreign exchange student grew up to be me, not anymore alone and afraid of not being understood. It is also a wonder how, after eleven years, Corey Tucker, the boy with the cookie, is still my true and best friend. Yesterday, I proudly recited the Pledge of Allegiance. Even though I do not fully understand the meaning of â€Å"America†, I understand that America is the place where I belong. This feeling of acceptance was made by the kind efforts of the friends I made that day, most especially by Corey. Through the years, many other Corey Tuckers came into my life. This time, I want to be a Corey Tucker too. I want to be able to help others and give back the kindness I have received before. At present, knowing that I am able to do this through my debate class and the WCF gives me a feeling of calmness, peace and satisfaction that money cannot buy.

Are We Happier Than Our Forefathers?

Long years ago stress was never a part of anyone’s dictionary. However, today it is the most common word used by everyone ranging from a 13-year-old child to a 95 year old adult. What is the reason behind the frequent usage of this word in the modern times? Earlier, primitive man survived on bare essentials of life & yet he was stress free but today even though technology has gifted a luxurious life to man we are stressed. Earlier man had to roam from place to place in search of food & shelter. Today the modern man can even work by sitting at home through technologies like laptops & cellular phones. Yet today man has been confronted by various diseases & has to tackle stress. Why is it that a primitive man working several times harder than the modern man had time for pleasure activities but a modern man has to make work his leisure and work to no end. Technology & modern equipments were to make man’s life stress free & relaxed but instead it had has adverse effects on man’s life. A few centuries man had not even heard of fatal diseases like â€Å" aids† however today every research & technology is being to find a treatment for this disease. Man has found medicines & treatments for the tiniest of the creatures on this earth but yet has failed to discover a cure, which would save the life of a fellow mate. Science and technology has made it possible to reach the moon but is it of any use because we don’t have time to go & even meet out old parents who have taught us what a moon is & how to reach there. These facts make me think, â€Å" Are we happier than our forefathers? † in my opinion we are not as happy as they were. Our forefathers lived a stress free, contented & happy life but today these words are only seen in the dictionary. If we desire to live like our forefathers then it could only be possible in the Himalayas because in this world we require money for minimal needs & necessities & to earn that also we have to work very hard. Working hard would mean work during the day accompanied by work through the night. Is this called being happy?

Naturalism in The Open Boat

Life has got different connotation for everyone. It’s a constant learning process throughout our lives. Shades of happiness, agony, pain, frustration are all part and parcel of life and one subtle message that life tends to give us is that nothing can be achieved without thriving for it or making an all out effort to achieve it. Destiny favours the brave and blaming everything as pre-destined is an act of the coward. Those who get this lesson early in life never get annoyed with the mix of emotions that life has to offer and eventually succeed and those who blame the forces for all their ills gradually but eventually perish. Everyone is equally prejudiced and treated as favourite by nature. In his short story, â€Å"The Open Boat,† based on an original account by the author Stephen Crane tries to show and give us the same message: a Universe totally detached with the dealings of human race, it is in these conditions that Man has to make struggle to survive. The protagonists in the story learn this fact by facing this apathy of the sea towards them and are almost overwhelmed by the nature’s lack of concern for them. They win the battle of survival only by fighting bravely against all the odds, patience and mutual cooperation. The story begins with four men, addressed as the captain, the correspondent, the oiler and the cook, stranded in the ocean in a small boat or dinghy. The author at the start of the story displays the hostility of the man and the sea and nature's indifference for the tragedy they were in: â€Å"The birds sat comfortably in groups, and they were envied by some in the dinghy, for the wrath of the sea was no more to them than it was to a covey of prairie chickens a thousand miles inland.† The men are in an anxious state and are constantly fighting a losing battle against the fury of the sea, but the nature shows no pity on them and continues in its wayward ways not taking in to account the consequences they have to face. The Sun continues to rise and set everyday but the sailors are aware of that by the changing color of waves due to the rising and setting sun. The shore is â€Å"lonely and indifferent.† They are even confronted by a wild shark, who finally decides that these men are of no use to her. The men, though, are least aware about whats happening around them fighting the ghosts within but still somehow in the centre of all the action. The current state that they are in makes them more and more pessimist and a feeling sinks in that the whole Universe is hostile to them: â€Å"The waves were nervously anxious to do something effective in the way of swamping boats.† At this point though they fail to appreciate that it is a natural phenomenon and they are just unlucky to be in the wrong place at wrong time, and not certainly any specific act of aggression by nature against Men. At this point in the story there is a bit of irony in their thought process, while fighting the wild rage of the sea conflicting thoughts have engulfed them, a moment of despair and a moment of hope against hope. They think that some external force is controlling their destinies: â€Å"If I am going to be drowned–if I am going to be drowned–if I am going to be drowned, why, in the name of the seven mad gods who rule the sea, was I allowed to come thus far and contemplate sand and trees?†¦ If this old ninny-woman, Fate, cannot do better than this, she should be deprived of the managemant of men's fortunes.† After a while after through all the futile struggle that there is nothing called fate and no reason for their being where they are. The moment this feeling sinks in their conscious as well as sub conscious the men are reduced to mere mortals: â€Å"When it occurs to a man that nature does not regard him as important, he at first wishes to throw bricks at the temple, and he hates deeply the fact that there are no bricks and no temples.†   They realize at this point in the story that theirs is a hopeless situation. To take courage from the captain one of the crew members asks him whether he thinks that they will be able to make it, to that, the captain answers â€Å"If this wind holds and the boat don't swamp, we can't do much else.† Situations like these, in real terms show the frustrations and feeling of despair a man feels when faced with condition out of his control. In times like these man realize that he is a mere puppet and a very small player and he can’t do much than to play his small role in this very big theatre of life. What can Man do when faced with a Universe that has got no compassion for him? How to survive alone against a indifferent nature? As the story unfolds the characters come to a realization that their only source of hope is by looking inwards and showing equal sympathy and concern for other human beings. The correspondent who in fact was the author himself starts getting a feeling of oneness and camaraderie towards the other crew, demolishing all his previous learning in life of being cynical of men. The author tells us that this was the best experience of the correspondent’s life. A sweeping change comes over all the men when they realize that all they have is each other. The correspondent recalls a childhood verse and feels sympathy for a dying soldier, one who does not even exist: â€Å"The correspondent, plying the oars and dreaming of the slow and slower movements of the lips of the soldier, was moved by a profound and perfectly impersonal comprehension. He was sorry for the soldier of the Legion who lay dying in Algiers.† His current experience has imparted a lesson to the correspondent that he can relate to the agony of the dying soldier. He now fully gets the grasp of what it is to be human: those constant efforts against a certain defeat, and the need for others that nobody can deny. Stephen Crane's â€Å"The Open Boat† is a classic that gives us inkling in to the complex human mind by imparting a simple lesson of oneness and humanity and the never dying human spirit against all the odds. He wants to say that though whatever happens but still we have others to comfort and support us if leave aside our false egos and rely on them truly.

The History of Democracy in Algeria Research Paper

The History of Democracy in Algeria - Research Paper Example As the discussion stresses  colonization in Algeria began in the 5th century B. C. Native people of Algeria were forced to move back from the coastal areas by the successive waves of Roman, Byzantine, Turkish, Arab and French invaders. Among these Arab invaders have greatly influenced the natives of the country in terms of religion and language. However, Phoenicians were the first to invade the northern Algeria during 12th century B.C. Then the Romans came into the country and united the northern part of it. Under Roman rule Christianity flourished. However, it was ended by the Vandals, though a large section of area was still under the control of Berbers. Arabs started to dominate the area since 7th century.  This essay declares that  during World War I many Algerians were brought to the mainland of France for making them work in the French Army and various factories. After the World War I first organized movements began in the country for complete independence under the heads hip of Messali Hadj. Such movements started to gain momentum after World War II. Muslims were given some political rights in 1947 after a massive nationalist demonstration caused death of almost 88 Frenchmen and thousands of Muslims. In November, 1954 Algerians started their uprising in a way that could not be ignored by the French government. National Liberation Front (FLN) which was the main nationalist party introduced attacks on French people in both France and Algeria.   The war resulted in the fall of the government. In 1958 Charles de Gaulle came back in power and in 1962, Algeria’s independence was proclaimed (Phillip C. Naylor. ALGERIA - Part 3). History since Independence In 1963 Ahmed ben Bella took charge as Algeria’s first president. Under Bella’s rule, abandoned colonial holdings were nationalized. He supported various liberation movements in the country.

The Police in the United Arab Emirates and the Justice System Essay

The Police in the United Arab Emirates and the Justice System - Essay Example Additionally, this write-up also analyzes the independence and integrity of the legal system since the above virtues are crucial for any judiciary. The judiciary requires an effective police force in order to execute its mandate properly. Consequently, it is imperative to study the police force (Tammim and Price 25). The constitution of UAE is the ultimate law that grants authority to the courts of that nation. The laws in this country are largely civil and Sheria laws. The Egyptian laws primarily influenced the civil laws. UAE’s law has expanded rapidly due to the increase in Dubai’s commercial activities. The enormous commercial activities have resulted in legislation of laws providing a legal structure for commercial activities. The areas of business captured by the new laws include intellectual property, banking and labour. Enactment of the new laws was imperative and timely since it is crucial to provide legal guidance enabling elimination of malpractices. UAE is a coalition of seven emirates. Understanding the political structure of this nation will make understanding their judicial system easier. The overall judicial authority is the federal judicial authority that oversees the operations of the courts. However, certain emirates of the UAE are self-governing. Such emirates include Dubai that has maintained its own lawyers and judges. Dubai’s system has three different sections in its court system. First, there is the civil section that addresses all the civil suits. Secondly, there is the criminal section that addresses criminal suits. Lastly, there is the Sheria section that addresses family matters that relate to parties that profess the Islamic faith. These sections of the Dubai court have enabled the legal system in this part of UAE to address all the suits that arise. UAE is an Islamic country where the religion influences the law considerably. Additionally, many of the parties in the suits may profess the Islamic faith hence, d emanding that the court follows the Sheria (Tammim and Price 31). Evidently, Dubai has an exceedingly elaborate judicial system. This emirate has property and labour courts. The property courts address all suits that pertain to possessions in Dubai. While the latter addresses suits, pertaining to workers and employers disputes. These courts are critical since Dubai has witnessed massive foreign and internal investment and in such cases, numerous suits have arisen pertaining to labour and property. Globally, judicial precedents are central in the determination of subsequent cases. As such, some judicial precedents have formed the pillar of the current laws. However, in Dubai the judges follow a different trend. Judicial precedents have minimal implications on other related cases hence; the judge is at will not to adhere to the precedents. This is unique since judicial precedents have massive implications on related rulings in most nations. In many courts globally, rulings in courts o f higher jurisdiction bind junior courts. As such, a court with higher jurisdiction can overturn the ruling in a junior court. However, in Dubai, there are not binding but they provide guidance in legal practice (Tammim and Price 42). The above details reveal that Dubai has its own judicial system that does not operate under the Supreme Federal Court (SFC). The SFC evaluates the conduct of all the courts in UAE. However, some emirates are not subject to

Businesses are not Behaving Ethically Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Businesses are not Behaving Ethically - Essay Example Also, if a company follows ethical practices in its operations it is able to gain customer loyalty. And it is not necessary that to be ethical a company incurs more costs than one that doesn't. It's a win-win situation for ethical companies (Rupal). There may be numerous reasons for businesses to be considered as acting unethically. Actions used to cut down costs, access more resources, raise their profit earnings, or simply to enter into a new market could be taken in an unethical manner. The prime example could be of Wal-Mart. Wal-Mart has captured the U.S. market for retailers. But in its search for cheaper products to beat out its competition with, it offers its laborers in developing countries with barely subsistence wages due to which laborers put in hundreds of man-hours yet still earn an income which could barely support them (Nassar). Their entrance into foreign markets bring business to that country but the conditions of the people living there do not improve as they are still below their poverty line and there is no rise in their gdp/capita. To provide their consumers with the cheapest products in the market Wal-Mart is abusing its workers and providing them with miserable working conditions. A similar sweatshop case was witnessed when people found out that the "lovable" Disney franchise was using laborers working in miserable conditions to manufacture the products which helped sustain the multi-billion dollar industry that relied on Disney products such as their clothing line and the other products sold at their theme parks. In our immediate present we can see how Lehman Bros. helped cause the economic collapse which sent tremors all over the world. By giving mortgages to people who could not afford them they created the sudden defaults which would later cause a chain reaction which would not only affect the U.S. but the entire world. Whole economies collapsed and the tax payer's money was diverted towards the protection of these banks rather than on any infrastructural projects for which they should have been spent. Immense unemployment arose worldwide, countries had trouble importing items since they did not have sufficient funds, defaults in payments for national debts, and fall in investments were observed. This whole incident single handedly brought down the GDP of many European nations as well as the U.S. The state of our national healthcare system is ample proof that businesses on a whole are unethical if given the choice and freedom to be. Given the slightest laxness from the government and the assurance of no action to be taken on them on legal grounds corporations begin to adapt behaviors which are unethical. Why Act Unethically Most businesses act unethically when they know that their actions would result in no consequences to harm them. If they had the fear that they would be persecuted or that they might face negative opinions in the market then they would not resort to unethical means to jump ahead of their competition. This could probably be a reason why unethical practices are observed more in developing countries where the government regulations are weak and corruption

Journalism, Mass Media and Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Journalism, Mass Media and Communication - Essay Example The â€Å"change of scale† can be understood by the fact that a quick medium of communication can deliver more messages in a given time than a slower one. Therefore, the magnitude or the scale of communication becomes bigger when a quicker medium is introduced. A bigger scale of communications makes the scale of human affairs naturally since a quicker medium prevents waste of time which can now be used for other affairs. Telephones enable a person to communicate with a distant recipient in a very quick manner that a letter. The pace of communication has increased and the â€Å"pace† of human life has also increased. For instance, a process that can only be initiated by the approval of a certain authority can now begin as soon as the approval is made. A slower medium of communication would keep the approval in transit for a longer time and hence the initiation. A quick medium paces up the lifestyle of human beings. A new and fast medium surely brings change in the  "pattern† of human life. The availability of cell phones enables people to stay in contact with each other almost all the time. Parents feel safe to send their children to places where they would have never sent them if there were no cell phones. Similarly, the pattern of life has been molded to a great degree by the introduction of cell phones. By 2004, twenty billion were being sent worldwide every month. (Bates, 2004). The â€Å"scale, pace and pattern† are interrelated when it comes to a change in lifestyle due to quicker and more convenient mediums of communication. The above discussion accentuates the argument made by McLuhan that â€Å"The medium is the message." The content of a given message has, of course, its own importance but what usually is ignored is the impact of the medium of the message on our lives. The introduction of a new and swift medium startles us in the beginning but it incorporates itself into our lives over a long period of time. For instanc e, there was a time when cell phones were not something that everyone could afford. People used to live happily and their needs were being met when there were no cell phones. Cell phones are a very quick medium of imparting and receiving messages. They are incorporated into our lives in such a manner that we find it very difficult to spend our time outside if we have forgotten our cell phone at home. A variety of messages are delivered by this medium ranging from important messages to puns for fun but the medium is a message itself. The medium is a message that our lives are quick now and everything can be reported to anyone at any time. We have to pace ourselves to catch up with the pace of the medium and what has prompted us to do that is the medium itself. The process of dissemination of news has developed greatly. Any type of news is given to us in the quickest way possible. The content of the news is a message but the medium of news is a message too. For instance, political lea ders of the past were not required to be wary of the news media and that is probably why we only know good things about leaders who did something great. These days, the news media is quicker and effective than it ever was and political leaders have to be very careful. They have received the message that â€Å"they need to be careful† and this message is news media itself. The definition of the modern era would be incomplete without a reference to the use of the internet.

Are we taking it too far by blaming fast food restaurants for obesity Research Paper

Are we taking it too far by blaming fast food restaurants for obesity When is it individual responsibility and when is it appropriate to place blame - Research Paper Example Obesity is a major risk factor for several diseases which include cardiovascular problems, Diabetes, Gall stone and is a major health concern today. Working for BBC, Ray Dunne came up with some alarming statistics. The numbers around 300m people worldwide are obese, one in three American adults is obese and one in four Britons is obese. Obesity is estimated to cost the US $75bn annually. Obesity can reduce life expectancy by up to nine years and poor diet and a lack of exercise killed 400,000 Americans in 2000. These are some jaw dropping an alarming factors but the big question that needs to be asked in who is responsible for all this and who is to be put at blame? Last couple of decades showed a rapid growth of corporate world and so did the world of ‘food chain’ business came up. Now there are thousands of food chains all over the world and MacDonald’s being a leading industry in that. In 2003, Jazlyn Bradley aged 19 and Ashley Pelman aged 14, unable to resist the temptation of MacDonald’s and weighing 270 pounds and 170 pounds respectively sued MacDonald for making them obese. They argued that they didn’t know about the food ingredients and their father said that he always thought MacDonald’s was good for his children’s health. The court didn’t seem to agree and said that, "Its not the place of the law to protect them against their own excesses." This totally explains my personal opinion about it as well since it is the responsibility of an individual to decide what is good for health and how much they can consume it. After this case, US House of Representatives also passed a legislation which made it illegal to sue any food chain just because it makes people obese. Diane Fields (5) seems to propose the same idea. Just like you can’t blame tobacco industry for mouth cancer and casinos for problem of gambling, similarly you can’t blame fast restaurants

Passover as a Popular Jewish Holiday Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Passover as a Popular Jewish Holiday - Essay Example The belief and celebration is Passover. Passover is a popular Jewish holiday and festival commemorating the exodus story during which the oppressed Israelites were freed from the harsh Egyptians, under Pharaoh the dictator. It is usually started at the day 15 of the month of Nisan, in the Jewish calendar. Actual narration of the day or the exodus reveals the means God used to rescue His children from Egypt. It talks about the ten plagues, the night before departure as well as all the activities that took place during that night. Further description also reveals that God led the Israelites in crossing the mighty Red Sea by giving them a charismatic leader who showed them the way by using a stick to strike the water allowing them to go through easily. Passover is one of the Jewish celebrations that go across the entire Bible. There are several occasions in the bible where the word is mentioned and its significance can be drawn from there. In the book of Genesis, God’s creation i s accompanied by the creation of man in the last day, sixth day of creation. Human beings are considered the most important creatures among all creatures that God created. He gives them some of the abilities that are not present with other creatures. Genesis continues and in some chapters, Joseph, Jacob’s most preferred and loved son is sold to the Egyptian by his envious brothers. They return to Jacob, Joseph’s clothes claiming that he had been killed and eaten by an animal. Jacob mourns his son bitterly. In Egypt, Joseph faces numerous challenges as a staunch believer in God. He is tricked and lured by Potipha’s wife into sex. His refusal renders him arrest after the woman claimed that he wanted to rape him. Joseph is jailed but freed after his interpretation of King Pharaoh’s dream. Joseph grew an important person in Egypt and raised a family of the Jews or the Israelites. He was eventually put in high position. He was second in command to Pharaoh. He moved his whole family to Egypt and offered them protection there. 4 centuries later the Israelites had grown into a large population, hitting the 2 million mark. The high number of Jews in Egypt made the new pharaoh becomes afraid of their power. In order to maintain control of the land, he decided to turn them into slaves and oppressed them with harsh labor, ruthless and inhuman treatment. God came to rescue the Jews through a man named Moses who was a great grandson to Jacob. Moses was born during the time when Pharaoh had made an order that ensured the death of all Hebrew male. God, however, spared Moses when Pharaoh’s daughter found him near the Nile River bank. He was given the best care in the Egyptian most royal family. Moses later killed an Egyptian who had killed his fellow Israelite. After the incidence, he escaped to Midian. Expectedly, God appeared to Moses in Midian, in the form of a Burning Bush telling him, â€Å"’I have seen the misery of my people. I have heard their cries, I care about their suffering and I have come to rescue them. I am sending you to Pharaoh to bring my people out of Egypt (Exodus 3: 7-10). Moses gave out some excuses but finally obeyed God’s command and went to Egypt in the company of Aaron as a spokesman. Pharaoh, as expected became adamant to Moses request to set the Israelites free. God punished him with ten plagues after

Special education case review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Special education case review - Essay Example The court reversed the district courts grant for a summary judgment. It held that compliance with obligations to children with hearing disabilities under IDEA does not signify compliance with obligations for effective communications under the ADA. In arriving at this conclusion, the court noted that there are differences between the provisions of the IDEA and those of Title II of the ADA.   Because of this difference, failure of a claim under the IDEA does not necessarily exclude a claim under Title II of the ADA. In A.C v. Shelby County Board of Education, A.C was a minor with type I diabetes. She attended Bon Lin Elementary school, which is governed by the Shelby County Board of Education SCBE. Her parents had requested certain disability accommodations for her. These accommodations included the retention of a full-time nurse, making the child’s classroom a peanut free zone due to her allergy to peanuts and taking of her blood tests in her classroom as opposed to the school clinic. There had been tensions between the school and the child’s parents regarding these requests. The situation got out of hand when the school principal made reports to the department of child services alleging that the parents were medically abusing the child. The parents filed a suit claiming that the violation of section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act and the ADA. Section 504 and the ADA prohibits retaliations against individuals due to opposing practices made while seeking to enforce their rights unde r these Acts.

Historical and Current Roles in Higher Education Research Paper

Historical and Current Roles in Higher Education - Research Paper Example Historically, education served as a mechanism through which the public good was advanced. However, currently, this ideology has changed over the years and new roles erupted. For instance, the societal benefits of education have changed to individual benefits. Institutions are equipping the students with the necessary skills that will enable them to fit in the job market. Therefore, the modern role of education is value addition (Hensley,  Galilee-Belfer, & Lee,  2013). The perception that education is the only existing gateway to the middle-class has increased the demand for education in the modern society. Therefore, more institutions have come up in order to fill this gap. However, this has affected the quality of education in the country (Lansverk, 2013). This is because institutions are now highly concerned about the numbers they admit rather than the quality of the information being disseminated to the students. Education is currently perceived as a one time investment expenditure. As a result, parents are willing to spend a fortune in order to equip their children with education. This has played a significant role in increasing the overall costs of college education. In an attempt to get a share of the mega profits, private institutions that are run using a business model have mushroomed. It is believed that education leads to the improvement of public health and welfare. As a result, the government has been instrumental in ensuring that more children gain a degree. In order to achieve this ambition more institutions of higher learning have been established. This explains the reason why the number of both the public and private institutions have increased tremendously. It is believed that education increases happiness, improve the living standards of a household and improve the financial management of the individuals. The government feels that it has a role of improving the living

Topics In Global Economy Essay Example for Free

Topics In Global Economy Essay With such drastic globalization of worldwide economics, it is now an issue of vast importance to us all.   The impact of current trends in global economics affects each nation and the corporations within it, as well as every citizen, working or unemployed, within its population.   Global economics was inevitable, given the statistics reflecting the increasing popularity of the world wide web as well as the unlimited communications capabilities allowing us to conduct business or easily buy products either from a local business or from a market on the other side of the world.    However, the global market is chiefly responsible for stabilizing inflation rates in the European and U.S. arenas.   One byproduct of global economics is the development and implementation of the Euro dollar. Although it is result of globalization, it has effectively addressed the long standing issues of confusion and instability in the international trade market due to the continuous fluctuations of the scores of currencies existing in the world marketplace. A significant slowing in inflationary trends has been noted during the last few years but many believe that the future will bring a series of setbacks as well.   In The Grandfather Economic Report, Michael Hodges wrote that â€Å"in the 1990’s the (U.S.) federal government created $2.8 trillion of new debt†¦ more than created in the nation’s entire history prior to 1990 †¦.and another $2.7 trillion since 9/11/01.† Yet federal deposit income in China increases by roughly 15% each year.   This rate of growth will have a serious impact on the U.S. national debt.   With an increasingly disproportional balance of import and export trade between the U.S. and Asia, an alarming loss of revenue will certainly plague America and Europe.   This trend will be hard to reverse if changes in the trade balance can not be initiated.   Most of these conditions resulting from the Asian policy that devalues their currencies compared to that of the dollar. The impact of this policy on the US trade balance is negative.   With more dollars being sent to Asia due to devalued exchange rates, statistics begin to reflect a deficit of funds as well as trade block tactics such as high import tariffs discourage these sales in the Asian market. The impact of this policy on the trade balance on Asian economies is that a continue trend of economic prosperity can be anticipated for these Asian nations.   This trend, if allowed to continue, will also bring growth at successively higher percentage rates with each passing year. The effect this policy has and will have on the interest rate on Asian and US treasury securities is that these rates will continue to fall in the U.S. due in the this policy.   Japan’s Finance Minister Kiichi Miyazawa states that â€Å"We acknowledge the importance of the internationalisation of the yen in light of global economic and financial developments such as the Asian financial crisis: the birth of the euro also attests its importance. In this context, we have recently announced measures to promote the yen’s internationalisation, which include measures to increase liquidity in Japan’s short-term financial markets as well as those to facilitate investment by foreign investors in Japanese government bonds.†Ã‚   This policy will surely bring about a successful reversal of downward spiraling of Asian interest rates. As for how this policy will level of indebtedness of US households, businesses and Government, a continuation of this policy regime will undoubtedly result in a rise in debt levels for all, as set the stage for possible economic depression not only for the U.S. Government and global scale due to enormity of the global economics venue. Immediate and viable initiatives must be utilized in order to prevent this threat.